𝐎𝐑𝐃𝐔-𝐘𝐈 𝐇Ü𝐌𝐀𝐘𝐔𝐍 𝐙𝐀𝐅𝐄𝐑 𝐁İ𝐙İ𝐌 𝐎𝐋𝐀𝐂𝐀𝐊! Although the Ottoman Empire did not directly participate in the major European fronts of the Napoleonic Wars, it played a significant role in the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern dimensions of the conflict. In 1798, Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt was seen as a direct attack on Ottoman sovereignty, prompting the empire to align with Britain and Russia against France. Following Napoleon’s Egyptian campaign, the Ottomans took a hostile stance toward France, but due to pressure from the great powers, they were forced to pursue a balancing policy. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1806–1812, the Ottomans engaged in heavy fighting with Russia, especially in regions like Wallachia and Moldavia. This war diverted Ottoman attention and resources at a time when Napoleon’s eastern ambitions were growing.