The Principality of Monaco is a sovereign city-state located on the French Riviera in Western Europe. It is bordered by France on three sides; one side borders the Mediterranean Sea. Monaco is a Principality governed under a form of consitutional monarchy with Rainier III as Head of State. Monaco's economic development spurred in the 19th century with the opening of the first casino, Monte Carlo, and a railway connection to Paris. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and facilities have contributed to Monaco's status as a tourist destination and recreation center for the rich and famous. Head of State: Rainier III Ministre d'État: National Anthem: Hymne Monégasque Currency: Monégasque franc Year: 1956